The Journal of Smart Agriculture and Environmental Technology (JOSAET) is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. JOSAET follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines in handling article retractions and takes all necessary measures to ensure the highest standards of publication ethics.

An article may be retracted after publication if there is clear evidence that:

• The findings are unreliable due to research misconduct, including data fabrication, data falsification, or serious methodological errors.
• The article contains plagiarism or substantial unattributed text, figures, tables, or ideas from previously published works.
• The article has been published elsewhere without proper acknowledgment or permission (duplicate or redundant publication).
• The research was conducted without appropriate ethical approval or violated accepted ethical standards.
• There has been serious authorship misconduct, including unauthorized authorship changes, forged authorship, or undisclosed conflicts of interest that compromise the integrity of the publication.
• The peer-review or publication process has been manipulated.
• Any other serious ethical violation is identified that significantly undermines the validity or integrity of the published work.

Before a retraction decision is made, the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board will conduct a thorough investigation. The corresponding author will be given an opportunity to respond to the allegations and provide supporting evidence. When necessary, JOSAET may consult independent experts or the authors' affiliated institutions during the investigation.

If a retraction is warranted, JOSAET will publish a formal Retraction Notice that clearly identifies the retracted article and explains the reasons for the retraction. The original article will remain available on the journal website to preserve the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as "Retracted" on every page and in all electronic versions. The retraction notice will be permanently linked to the original article.

Retractions are intended to correct the scholarly literature and maintain its integrity. They are not intended as a punitive measure against authors but as a mechanism to ensure that readers are provided with accurate and reliable scientific information.

JOSAET encourages authors, reviewers, editors, and readers to report any suspected ethical concerns regarding published articles. All allegations will be handled confidentially, fairly, and in accordance with COPE's ethical principles and best practices.